Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Summary - Essay Example Tool testing and error rates find focus in the initial part of the guidelines. The use of a database approach for the documentation of the mobile forensics procedures assists in removing the documentation of testing methods employed, by acquiring results on the several test cases, enabling calculation of tool testing errors. This information enables the presenting of mobile forensic evidence in courts in a reliable and legally acceptable manner (Baggili et al, 2007). The practitioners of computer forensic quite often need to deal with digital images as a part of the evidence requirements. Such instances include child pornography or disputes involving proprietary rights. Photographic images found in computers have a strong likelihood of having originated from digital still cameras (DSC). Computer forensic practitioners should have an understanding of the characteristics of computer images to identify the origins of the DSC images in question. This understanding enables a computer fore nsic practitioner to use the specific attributes of a DSC image to prove replicas, derivates or additional images within a particular group. Some open source software can also be employed successfully to extract images based upon the characteristics of a DSC image (Kohen, 2007). Week – 3 The usage of the iPhone mobile from Apple is growing rapidly. This has led to the need for iPhone forensics as a part of the armory of forensic and security practitioners. This study shows that it is possible to examine the logical back up acquisition of the iPhone 3GS mobile device using the Apple iTunes back up utility to provide forensically important data in the form of e-mail messages, text and multimedia messages, calendar events browsing history, GPRS locations, contacts, call history, and voicemail recording. The study explored the possibility of forensic acquisition, examination and analysis of the backup of the logical copy in the iPhone 3GS mobile. In the examination process the ai m was to find out what significant data was stored in the on the device, location of its storage in the memory, and where the data is located in the back up files. For the acquisition the freely available iTunes back up utility was used in a systematic manner to synchronize data between the iPhone and a paired computer. Testing of this methodology demonstrated that an iPhone mounted on a computer running iTunes does not change the user data portion, which means that data integrity remains intact. When a logical copy is acquired, several hundred backup files containing user data, device settings, application preferences, and status are obtained. All these back up files are encoded into XML, ASCII, or binary formats. Examination of the logical copy from an iPhone reveals that these back up files contain a wealth of data that has the potential for use as evidence in court cases (Baggili & Bader, 2010). Week – 4 Amendments made to the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure effective fr om December 1, 2006, addresses the issue of Electronically Stored Information (ESI), which also takes into consideration ESI found in small digital devices, like cell phones and Personnel Digital Assistants and their use as evidenced in court procedures. The standards employed for the admissibility of electronic evidence are found in the Frye

Business Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 5

Business Law - Essay Example Finally, the contract should not be objectionable through impossibility, illegality or because it is against public policies (Young 2009, p.10). Discussion (a)In responding to case of Peter and Josephine, the paper will explore more on written contracts in order to determine whether their contract was valid. Having written contracts is much safer than verbal contracts. A written contract offers more certainty and at the same time reduces business risks by making the clarity on the agreement from the start of the engagement. Written contracts act as proof of what was agreed on by the involved parties, which acts as security of any disputes. This form of contract is also essential since it provides details on payments, timeframes, and ways on how to solve arising disputes. The other notable thing regarding written contracts is the provision of how they can be varied and conditions under which the contract can be terminated (Charman 2013, p.23). Looking into Peter and Josephine case, on e can point out that there were attempts by the two to make a verbal contract, but due to the underlying circumstances, the verbal contract was never reached. This is evident from the fact that, after Peter made up his mind that he would purchase the painting, he could not reach Josephine via to reach an agreement that he will be going for the painting. Instead, Peter left a phone message and also sent a letter to Josephine, but Josephine sold the painting before listening to the phone message or reading the letter. Therefore, this implies that the two never made any agreement that Peter would buy the painting, which makes it clear that Peter did not have a valid contract. (b) A brief overview on what the common law says about the exemption clause will be helpful in understanding Peter and Larry case. One general feature of written contracts is the fact that the party issuing the contract seeks to minimize its liability under the contract either wholly or partially. Exemption clause s can claim to reduce what would be the defendant’s duty they can claim to restrict the liability, which would otherwise translate to a breach of contract or claim to exclude the party in default fully to cover the other party. In most cases, exemption clauses are applied by stronger parties against weaker parties (Taylor & Taylor 2007, p.57). In the case of Peter and Larry, Peter issues Larry with a ticket that has an exemption clause at the back. The clause states â€Å"all items left in the cloakroom are at the owner’s risk. We do not accept liability for any loss or damage of items however, caused†. Despite the fact that the same message placed at the back of the cloakroom was obscured, it was Larry’s responsibility to read and understand the exemption clause at the back of the ticket. Since the clause exempts Peter from being responsible for the loss of Larry’s coat, Peter should utilize it in defending himself against compensating Larry for h is loss. In Parker v South Eastern Railway (1877) 2 CPD 416 case, the plaintiff left his bag in the cloak-room at the railway station. The plaintiff was issued with ticket that was written â€Å"see back†. On the back side there were several clauses including one that stated â€Å" Business law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 8 Business law - Essay Example Whealan, 1934). The trial judge in the case posed a query â€Å"In receiving the money did Peter Whelan act under threats of immediate death or serious personal violence?† The answer of the jury was in the affirmative. The trial judge actually ruled that even though the defendant was forced to accept the stolen money that is he was under duress, but still this cannot be a defence. It only acted as moderation. The court of criminal appeal noted that if a defendant acts under duress then an acquittal will be rare. Thus because of this the case was decided on the general principle of duress ([1934] IR 518, 524). But the Court mentioned that the application of the general principle will have to be limited to certain extent. In this case the Court stated that â€Å"where the excuse of duress is applicable it must further be clearly shown that the overpowering of the will was operative at the time the crime was actually committed, and, if there were reasonable opportunity for the will to reassert itself, no justification can be found in antecedent threats†.1 Thus, the common range of the protection of duress, as sketched in Whelan, is that; â€Å"the will of the defendant must have been overborne by the threats, the duress must be operating when the offence is committed and if there is an opportunity for the individual will to reassert itself and it is not taken, a plea of duress will fail† (in AG v. Whealan, 1934). In Attorney General v. Whelan, it was found that the defendant was in menaces and this was acknowledged to â€Å"death or serious violence†. In this case even though no real threats were faced by the defendant, but it was found that the existence of the person threatening was armed. It was also noted that the person so armed was such a person who will not hesitate even to use the pistol, was adequate to amount to a risk of â€Å"death or serious violence†.2 The ratio decidendi in the case was based on the principle of "neighbour" even though it was

Effect of Exercise Training During Lactation Essay Example for Free

Effect of Exercise Training During Lactation Essay The article chose review is â€Å"Effect of exercise training on loss of bone mineral density during lactation†. The purpose of this study was to determine whether exercise slows bone loss from four to twenty postpartum. The problem was that during lactation women move breast milk. After finishing breast feeding bone mass usually returns to pre pregnancy but not in all and this is the problem. The participants were healthy ,nonsmoking , sedentary ,exclusively breast feeding women with a body mass index of twenty to thirty kg. m.women were not allowed to join if they had cesarean delivery or if the exercise more than two days a week three months before. There were twenty participants all together. They all were cleared by a physician before participating. The instruments and test used for this experiment was for the body composition and bone density they used a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. For the assessment of cardio respiratory fitness and strength a sub maximal graded treadmill test was used. For the assessment of dietary intake by twenty four hour recall over the telephone using the nutrition data system for research software. For exercise intervention women were randomly assigned to either an EG or a CG. For the statistical analysis data were analyzed with JMP software. The testing procedures were with the body composition a whole- body was given three times a week and a step phantom were given one day a week .With the assessment cardio respiratory fitness and strength did sub maximal graded treadmill test were used. Exercise intervention used a complete sixteen week home based exercise program. The results were The EG lost a lot less LS BMD than CG. They were no great differences in total body and hip BMD. Both groups loss fat mass but, EG lost less lean body mass. Maximal strength increased by 34% to 221% for EG in the CG changed from -5.7% to 12%. â€Å"These results suggest that resistance and aerobic exercise may slow bone loss during lactation. In these experiments I felt like some of the strengths were that this was a good experiment to do. That it would help a lot of women because a lot of women have babies during the time that they are trying to build up bone density. I also like how in depth the experiment went. Strength was that they gave them specific training program that they can do from home. Which I feel is extremely important especially to new born moms. This article is important to me because I myself want to be a mom some day and bone density is important to me .My grandmother has osteoporosis so increasing my bone density is very important to me. I think I can use this in my future profession by informing my pregnant patients and mothers that are already breast feeding about this and showing them ways to improve bone density. Work Cited Lovelady,C.a,Bopp,M.J,Colleran,H.J,Mackie,H.k.Wideman,L(2009). Effect of Exercise Training on Loss of Bone Mineral Density during Lactation.Medicine Science in Sports Exercise,41(10),1902-1907. http://journals.lww.com/acsm msse/Fulltext/2009/10000/Effect_of_Exercise_Training_on_Loss_of_Bone.10.aspx

Forget Hell Essay Example for Free

Forget Hell Essay The Civil War was one of the most remembered part of the history, not only for the countries who participated in it, but also for the rest of the world. Civil War, also known as the â€Å"War Between the States,† is highly commemorated due to the great number of lives lost within the same grounds of their mother country. The conflict between the Northerners and the Southerners based on their principles became and larger and grew more distinct which eventually has led to the war. The American Civil War was fought between the Northerners who opposed slavery and the Southerners who formed the Confederate States of America (Confederacy), who supported slavery. The Northerners who were loyal to the ideals of democracy felt that slavery should be refuted in any state. On the other hand, Southerners have long believed that they have belonged to slavery and thus, opposition to such beliefs renders them insubordination and unfaithful to their state. The article written by Charles Joyner entitled â€Å"Forget Hell† is an account of the sentiments and emotions that grew strong at the wars aftermath. The effects of the war is always at the greatest height after all the deaths have been recounted, and the families who lost loved ones and properties have mourned over their losses. Their pain is even more painful at the thought that they have all given their best, and they have hoped for a victory but were rather disappointed. But the most excruciating pain lies in some of them realizing that they have lost the battle, they have lost their loved ones for a reason which they are now doubtful for. Nonetheless, behind the sorrow caused by the losses and the pain of realizing that they fought for a reason that is now more contented than being celebrated, there are lessons to be learned and mistakes that are yet to be corrected. The issue of slavery became pronounced more than ever during this era. America has been divided between those who stand for it and those who opposed it. And this antagonism ignited a fire between the two opposing sides. For the Northerners, it was important that the bonds of slavery to untangle their fellow Americans. They believed that the Southerners lost the battle because they fought only with bravery but without honor or pity. On the other hand, for the Southerners they have believed that they have been chained towards slavery and to refute this idea is a treachery against their nation. The American Civil War was fought due to the differences between beliefs. Indeed, every war fought in the rest of the world was caused by antagonisms and differences in the culture and beliefs of people from different places. Wars have occurred because people have failed to compromise and sort out their differences. The governments of involved states have opted to engage in war to solve the conflict rather than to peacefully negotiate. Despite the occurrences of wars that have ended disastrously, people are still continuing to commit the same mistakes. People must learn and understand that differences always occur between two different states. And struggling to make each state recognize these differences while imposing other people to adjust to suit ones culture and beliefs shall allow more wars to take place. It matter less if people belong from different states or different countries, what matters is that people should acknowledge such differences and make amends to avoid having conflicts. All the soldiers of these battles have fought valiantly in the name of their principle and their motherland, but fighting for absurd reasons and rendering the same mistakes have wasted the lives of brave heroes who sacrifices themselves. Courage, honor and loyalty to ones country are important, but reason and rationality are equally necessary in any

Senses Truth

Senses Truth Senses Your senses are the inner being of our souls and that is what needs to be used first and foremost. Trust can be broken and emotions are deceiving/ Our senses tell us when something is wrong and if we chose to ignore our senses and trust what someone is telling us we can end up being hurt and if we go on emotions boy, children get hurt many times when they feel that bad and trust that a bad person with a sob story will tell them. NO we need to trust our senses Tricky question FIRST, we have to be totally AWARE of our senses what they make us feel like and what they mean. Emotions are quite a bit harder to truly understand. When a person IS totally aware of their senses, then it is important to trust them at all times. Emotions should be acted on only after you really understand them, so trusting them automatically is not always wise. The senses never give us truth they give us data. Truth is not something we sense, it is something we recognize. Truth is a state of being. Accuracy of the data imparted by the senses is pretty reliable, however our interpretation of that data is many times in error. Emotion is the bodys reaction to thought. We can trust the information that emotion imparts only as far as we have been able to become aware of how it operates in our lives. All emotion is giving us information about ourselves and is best dealt with acceptance for what it is. Knowing the real message of our emotions as opposed to just reacting with them is the measure of how much one can trust his emotions. Most of the time, but not always. Because if youre hopped up on pills, well then your senses really wont be all that reliable. The question is askew. Rephrase, -when should we trust our senses in rooting out a lie-. Our senses work best in trying to prove if something violates our knowledge of reality, not if what we know is absolutely true, but rather if a new truth violates known truths, and the old ways remain the way. Previous experience with our senses let us know that something is fishy. We may not know the truth per say, but we know crap on velcro when we smell it. When I feel theres something is wrong, theres a truth to it. When I fell I cant stand anymore then I should let go. Our greatest enemy is ourself including our senses. What we feel sometimes kills us or telling us what will come ahead. We should know when to trust our senses and when not to.the truth is what we sense,different sense got different truth,but is is all based on what we SENSE,and SENSING is the nature who know ITSELF,SO ALL IS TRUTH. EVEN ILLUSION IS THE TRUTH OF SOMETHING REALLY EXIST BEHIND THE SENSING. I strongly believe in trusting ur instincts ur inner voice. But u should also take into account the evidence the clues around us. hey guys im going to do my ToK essay on When should we trust our senses to give us truth? (#2) Some ideas ive got so far is defining truth . how sense perception is how we see the world and the way we interpret it might be flawed and so what we take to be true could be false I cannot really come up with any examples of WHEN we should trust our senses to give us the truth because i dont really believe senses give us the truth ( except for when my milk is really hot or cold but again that is with respect to me, might be the opposite for another) .. i think senses just gives us raw information tht we then process through our knowledge and come up with what we believe is true but is what we believe to be true really true? yeah am i heading in the right direction with this essay? any help appreciated hey i am doing the same topic yea i think ur in d right direction..start by defining truth (this can get philosophical) and then the senses namely sight, smell, touch, hearing and taste. The functioning of all these senses together may give u sum truth (again, what is truth) but isnt truth based on our own perception? the best example for reasoning that i came up with is belief in god. we dont see him, hear him, feel him, etc. but we still believe in him. Now wat causes this? It is the faith and for us it becomes the ultimate truth. then wat if u hav a cold? can u still trust ur sense of smell? just emphasize on small everyday examples..it should b fine. Glad to help. Keep me posted if u hva any other ideas I think youre heading in the right direction! For TOK essays I have found that you dont have to come up with an answer, you just have to debate the topic (because when is there ever an answer in philosophy?) Somehow, you should relate it back to knowledge. Research the philosopher A.J. Ayer and his concept of justified true belief basically, for something to be known it has to be believed, justified (by the senses perhaps) and true. The difficulty is proving whether something is true (science, for example, never proves anything just supports it). Then, theres the whole spiral of how to test the accuracy of your senses (or any other way of knowing): how do you then test the accuracy of the method you use to test whether your senses were accurate, and then how do you test this method etc. There is another theory of knowledge known as justified reliablism where for a knowledge claim to be knowledge it has to be believed, true and justified according to a reliable cognitive process t here is a lot of debate over what constitutes a reliable cognitive process and in particular about whether the senses are trustworthy enough to be this process. Its worth a research. The question seems to be rooted in a similar question from last year: Are some ways of knowing more likely to lead to the truth than others? If you could get hold of some of these essays you would definitely get some idea of how to tackle this question (Just dont misuse them using same examples, etc.). If you ask nicely, I can email you my response to that very question. Truth I hav a question definin truth n al that is fine! but isnt the topic suppose to be around when can v trust the senses..to giv us truth True, and that is what the essay should focus on, but at the beginning of your essay you need to define your terms. There is no point writing an essay that no-one understands. When I say define truth, I mean briefly take a paragraph or so and the beginning of your essay to define stuff (knowledge, truth, just some of the more abstract concepts that youll be dealing with) TRUTH is CREATED as part of a biological process. It can be understood in terms of DEVELOPMENT, ECOLOGY, EVOLUTION, and PHYSIOLOGY. As we transfer information we learn about the world (lets call it reality) into ourselves by means of whatever sensory abilities we can bring to bear, we are right to question and test our percxeptions to establish the validity and reliability of our experiences and the beliefs they engender. Is there a difference between the real world (reality) and what we think we know about it (truth) We are all concerned about what is true and what is not with what is real. Do we always perceive what we think we do? How far can we trust our senses? (read Plato on this point!) Scientists that explore the boundaries of what is known of the world are especially wary. They are often confronted with information for which there is little or no precedent to guide their judgment about the meaning of their data. For example, having an emotional investment in a particular outcome of an experiment is a notorious source of unconscious bias. The objectivity of a researcher is highly admired as is their efforts to assure the validity and reliability of their data. Never, our senses are deceiving. There is no constant formula to our senses. It what makes it so hard for us to observe things clearly, to gain a sense of reality. We shall never be able to perceive something from other peoples viewpoints, ergo we shall never have a shared opinion. If anything, we can only rely on mathematics and reason. It is the most universal thing we have. Your senses, sight, hearing etc always give you the truth, they are incapable of anything else. The problem is, how do you interpret the evidence. There are books on optical illusions but if you know its an illusion it easy to see the trickery. If you dont know its an illusion you can be fooled, so be cautious. its what you perceive as truth till you shown different..for example..when we ask mommie and daddy where do babies come from and you get the ole stork storyyou find out laterya know? #1. When they corroborate with what we logically reason. #2. Whenever they do not contradict themselves, or the past. #3. Whenever you are sensible, alert, and at rest. As examples, being drunk or high does not count as this. #4. At all times. You can trust your senses! They simply pick up what is around us! #5. Never. Do not trust your senses! They are fooled far too easily! Any time that truth can be independently verified by evidence, sound logic, science, etc. True of false exists only in our language. There is a commonly told joke of a man driving on a two laned roadway. A beautiful woman drives past him going the other way in a convertible. As she goes by she leans out and yells, PIG. The man is visibly upset and starts thinking, Why did she call me a pig? I dont even know this woman. Maybe I met her and dont really remember her face? He continues driving as hes having these thoughts. As he rounds a bend in the road, he runs into a huge pig standing in the road. So all that happend was she yelled pig. There was nothing true of false in what she did. But his interpretation of her actionthat she called him a pigwas not related to the reality of what happened. Even had he thought she was trying to warn him, that would only have been one possible interpretation and may not have been any more true than the interpretation the shes calling him a pig. when we are using our senses solely for the material sides of things, and we feel certain that we would have the agreement of most or all rational observers over what we sense. In a rational state of mind, a car seen approaching should be taken as a real event. find that strictly scientific people have problems straying from their scientific rigor in ToK. You must find a way to diverge from this science thing and write a balanced essay. Ill say what I always do in these ToK threads. Find something one end of the spectrum such as Math/Science and then find another AoK to contrast it with such as Art/Ethics etc. I dont believe we should ever trust our senses to give us truth. Why do you think we have created so much advanced machinery that can perceive what we cannot, to give us reliable knowledge? Did your teacher not show you psychological illusions to show how awful our perception and senses are? The bottom line is that we should rarely trust our senses to give us truth, but unfortunately they are all we have Our senses are how we view the outside world. Without them, we would be hopeless. I then gave a few examples of animals trusting senses with their lives senses are used to understand the outside world, the world that is foreign from our bodies. However, our senses can be deceived, like a magic trick. Also, there are some spectras of light that our human eye cannot see. So therefore, we cant trust our senses to give us ALL the info. Then I defined truth and linked it with the information that our senses gave. Then I stated that perhaps what we see may not be what we see after all, just what we call it. Hence, I am typing on a computer, or more accurately, I am communicating my ideas to you on a object I call a computer, whether it be it or not. The latter would be more true than the former. Quote Rene Descartes and describe the Matrix-effect. Then conclude. Cant remember what I got exactly, but I remember I did really well. Hope it helps. I think one big way of knowing to talk about in this title would be perception and the problems with perception, how perception are subjective/biased? and can be deceived. But as you said its important to focus on the WHEN of perception, not the WHETHER. Tok essays are about 4 things defining the words arguing against what you think arguing for what you think concluding that what you think is write with a sprinkling of areas of knowledge throughout 2bh ur question doesnt seem very TOKey, it doesnt lend itself to any specific area of knowledge. relate truth to truth in science and maths or 2 other areas of knowledge. for example in science we see salt dissappear when it goes into water, but if we evaporate off the water than the salt will still be there. what we observe is something dissaperaing but the truth (scientific truth) is that the salt dissolves due to etc etc scientific explanation. i submitted this essay yesterday.. it had the same question to answer.. you just mention in the main body a bit about the argument between believing in senses or not with evidences and the say when we must trust them .. i wrote that we trust them when it seems logical for example when u put a pencil in a cup of water then observe the pencil broken because of refraction,, then in this case u dont believe in it because u can easily use another sense which is touch to check.. thats what i wrote i dont know if its right or not .. but nothing is wrong in TOK.. right..? >> think so just give alot of examples in ur essay.. hope ive helped..

To Be Someone, To Belong:The Black Womyns Experience in Rastafari :: essays papers

"To Be Someone, To Belong":The Black Womyn's Experience in Rastafari Introduction Upon seeing various Jamaican films and listening to various reggae artists, a constant question running through my mind was,"Where are all the womyn?"In all of the films it seemed as though there were virtually no womyn in Jamaica, and those that were there were only on the periphery, not playing a main role in everyday life. Those films that depicted the Rastafarian way of life seemed to show no womyn in them either. I was somewhat confused about the seeming absence of womyn, and it forced me to question their role in Jamaican and Rastafarian society. My questions regarding this issue were pushed further when a friend of mine returned home from Jamaica and expressed the same kinds of concerns. She said that during the few weeks she spent there she had seen maybe a dozen or two dozen Jamaican womyn altogether. As I moved further into my studies of Rastafarianism and reggae music, I noticed how gendered the language in both the religious tenets and music lyrics was. As a western womyn, this was peculiar to me. As you can notice, I don't even write the word"womyn"with the"man"in it. I find it insulting that my identity should be bound up in that of the opposite sex. I am entrenched in the world of political correctness and gender neutrality. However, reggae music and other rhetorical pieces of literature from Rastafari do not contain the same element of neutral gender identity as the United States has been moving towards. Rather, much of it is framed in a male or masculinist language. This implanted a few suspicions within me about the possibility of Rastafarianism being somewhat patriarchal, but, I was at first unwilling to accept the idea. I felt that this was impossible due to the fact that Rastafarianism was such a socially conscious movement dealing with the horrors of oppression and ex ploitation of blacks. However, it seems as though the impossible is possible, or at least mostly possible, and traditional Rastafarianism enforces rules and cultural norms that keep womyn in the subordinate, domesticated realm of everyday life. Yet, in the last thirty years or so, those rules and norms have been slowly challenged by a new generation of Rastafarian womyn who no longer accept their inferior position and are demanding greater equality. These womyn, some of whom turn to reggae to promote their own socially conscious ideas, symbolize the growing consciousness of womyn in Jamaica and other majority world countries who have experienced centuries of oppression.

Palestinian Christians: The Unknown Victims :: Essays Papers

Palestinian Christians: The Unknown Victims Johnny Yousef George Thaljieh has become known as the "Martyr of the Nativity Church." He was not a suicide bomber or even a stone thrower, just a 17-year-old kid who belonged to the small Palestinian Christian minority that is often forgotten in what is seen as a war between Muslims and Jews. There was a shooting that day in late October 2001, as there often is between Beit Jala and the Jerusalem suburb of Gilo, but none near the Nativity Church. As his mother says, â€Å"Nothing was done to make the Israeli sniper think Johnny was a threat.† He had just been to church and was playing with his 4-year-old cousin in Manger Square when the bullet struck him with a fatal blow. When the siege at the Church of the Nativity ended and Johnny was forgotten, the Israel Defense Force (IDF) pulled its soldiers, tanks and armored personnel carriers from Bethlehem and lifted the curfew on the city. The remains were a fractured, disjointed and disoriented Christian community. Not only were a large number of Orthodox Christians affected directly by the closure of the Church of the Nativity, but the great majority of Christian Palestinians in general were indirectly affected by the days of curfew, and what they consider siege. Many feel abandoned by Europe and the US, humiliated by Israel, often rejected by their Muslim neighbors, and worst of all, they fear their society is just a few years from extinction. Despite the initial jubilation that erupted when Israel lifted its curfew after a 39-day grueling standoff between the IDF and gunmen holed up in the Church of the Nativity, reality has come crashing down on this community. Unfortunately, the Christian population of Bethlehem only serves as one example among many. Thousands of Palestinians throughout the Middle East and the world are subjected to prejudice and neglect. Often, they are not welcomed by their Jewish and Muslim neighbors, and are forced to live in communities of fear. Receiving no coverage and attent ion from the media, these Christians try day after day to survive in lands that have been forced upon them. Palestinian Christians are a people searching for an identity. An identity that has been lost in the turmoil of the Middle East. (Dan 14) The exodus of the Christians from the region of the Palestinian Authority acquires special significance when one realizes that the entire Christian-Arab population of Judea, Samaria and the Gaza Strip currently totals only 61,000, about 2 percent of the Palestinian population of about three million.