buy custom Activity Led Learning essay

buy custom Activity Led Learning essay Introduction Technology has been developed to enhance learning and aid in the use of design tools to work on modern electronic systems. The software developed has assisted in drawing electronic circuit diagrams also known as schematics; develops the circuits and stimulate their operation and hence saves time; and the designing a circuit board where it can be fabricated (Pratt, Jarrett, 2001, p.71). In the experiments conducted the MultiSim schematic capture and simulation software was used and it has its unique features of an Ultiboard printed circuit board design package and is both from the National Instruments. Using the software there were accurate and complete circuits are developed through design by allotting component designators. The aims of the session were to develop a working electronic circuit system and to test the electronic system. The purpose of developing the electronic system is to establish the ambient light level in Lux. In this part, illiminance and Luminous emmitance will be determined which will establish the luminous power for every area. This will be done by the use of a Light Dependant Resistor (LDR) which is a light sensitive device (Pratt, Jarrett, 2001, p.74). Numerous measurements will be carried out on the same experiment to ascertain the results given that it may be afected by light conditions and resistance. The relevant diagrams will be drawn to illustrate the circuits developed. In the second activity it involved voltage measurement of LUX theory; this was done in an electronic measurement system. This will involve the conversion of the measured physical quantity into current or voltage. Using the LDR it will be easy to convert from resistance to voltage in view of the fact that you use the LDR as part of the potential divider chain. In this part the value of R must be specified in the divider chain (Pratt, Jarrett, 2001, p.77). The calculations will be based on the values given in the circuit. The records of the experiments i.e. the values observed must be recorded either in a log book or electronically using MS excel or MS word. This will aid in the calculations and test results of the work and experiments done in week one. The experiments are progressive and will involve different levels where each experiment counts. The transducer signal processing which involves the potential divider of the output will be needed; this is so because there is need to compensate or increase the amplitude of the transducer signal before transmitting (Pratt, Jarrett, 2001, p.82). There is also need to limit the effects of loading and the fix, which will be done by use of the buffer amplifier in the system. Thee data collected is important in determining the bandwidth of the LDR system which is in bits per second. The progressive experiments also involve projects such as the DC motor speed control transducer, a musical instrument and an optical signaling system. Conclusion The use of the MultiSim schematic capture and simulation software made it effective and efficient in working on the experiments. The Ultiboard printed circuits developed assisted in understanding the systems and make the calculations easy. They produced actual work after feeding the data in to the system. Since it is automated it would detect all the errors in any system and hence being able to rectify the system for uncomplicated calculations. The projects taken were successful, given that the group understood the circuits well and carried out the project efficiently. The projects carried out helped the group members understand the schematic software better in that it developed an advanced system that is tangible and easy to comprehend. The progressive development of the experiments was also very essential given that each step was building a foundation for the next project. However, there is need for more practice using the MultiSim schematic capture and simulation software so that every group member becomes conversant with its operations. Buy custom Activity Led Learning essay

Filing Federal Timber Income Tax

Filing Federal Timber Income Tax Congress has provided timberland owners with some favorable tax provisions. Here are five tips designed to help you make the most of these provisions and avoid paying unnecessary income tax or making costly mistakes. This report is only an introduction. Consult the references and links provided for complete information on the topic. Also understand that we are discussing Federal income tax here. Many states have their own taxing systems which can be dramatically different from federal taxation and is usually an ad valorum, severance, or yield tax. Remember these five points when filing your Federal income taxes on timber: Establish Your Basis Its key to establish your basis as soon as possible and to keep good records. Basis is a measure of your investment in timber as opposed to what you paid for the land and other capital assets acquired. Record your cost of acquiring forestland or the value of inherited forest land as soon as possible. When selling your timber in the future, you can use these costs as a depletion deduction. Adjust or step up your basis for new purchases or investments. Step down your basis for sales or other disposals. Keep records to include a management plan and map, receipts for business transactions, diaries, and landowner meeting agendas. Report basis and timber depletion on IRS Form T,â€Å"Forest Activities Schedule, Part II. You are required to file a Form T if you claim some timber depletion deductions or sell timber. Owners with occasional sales may be excepted from this requirement, but it is considered prudent to file. File your years documentation using this electronic version Form T. Know Whats Deductible If you own a forest to make money, ordinary and necessary expenses incurred for managing forest land as a business or an investment are deductible even if there is no current income from the property. This includes if youve performed reforestation work or established significant timber stand regeneration costs. You can deduct outright the first $10,000 of qualified reforestation expenses during the taxable year. In addition, you can amortize (deduct), over 8 years, all reforestation expenses in excess of $10,000. (Due to a half-year convention, you can only claim one-half of the amortizable portion the first tax year, so it actually takes 8 tax years to recover the amortizable portion.) Do You Quality for Long-Term Capital Gains? If you sold standing timber during the taxable year held for over 12 months, Yyu may be able to benefit from the long-term capital gains provisions on timber sale income which will lower your tax obligation. When you sell standing timber either lump-sum or on a pay-as-cut basis, the net proceeds generally qualify as a long-term capital gain. Remember, you can qualify for this long-term capital gains treatment on timber only if you hold the timber over one year. You do not have to pay self-employment tax on capital gains. Did You Have a Timber Loss? If you had a timber loss during the taxable year, you can, in most cases, only take a deduction for (casualty) losses that are physical in nature and caused by an event or combination of events that has run its course (fires, floods, ice storms and tornadoes). Remember that your deduction for a casualty or qualifying non-casualty loss is limited to your timber basis, minus any insurance or salvage compensation. Make Required Reports to the IRS If you had federal or state cost-share assistance during the taxable year via receiving a form 1099-G, you are obligated to report it to the IRS. You may choose to exclude some or all of it but you must report it. But if the program qualifies for exclusion, you can choose either to include the payment in your gross income and make full use of beneficial tax provisions or to calculate and exclude the excludable amount. Excludable cost-share assistance includes the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP payments only), Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP), Forest Land Enhancement Program (FLEP), Wildlife Habitat Incentives Program (WHIP) and Wetlands Reserve Program (WRP). Several states also have cost-share programs that qualify for exclusion. Adapted from USFS, Cooperative Forestry, Tax Tips for Forest Landowners by Linda Wang, Forest Taxation Specialist and John L. Greene, Research Forester, Southern Research Station. Based on a 2011 report.